Saunders reported in 1979 that male birds from Tasmania had wider bills than their mainland relatives, and that Tasmanian female birds were larger than males. However, the first name was recognised as taking precedence under ICZN naming rules and its spelling preserved. Gould described it in 1838 and later changed his spelling to "xanthonotus". xanthanota, known as the southern yellow-tailed black cockatoo, is found in western Victoria, southeastern South Australia, the islands of Bass Strait, and Tasmania.
It is distinguished by its overall larger size, longer tail and wings, and larger bill and claws. It is found from the Berserker Range in Central Queensland, south through New South Wales, and into eastern Victoria. funerea, the nominate form, is known as the eastern yellow-tailed black cockatoo. Within the species, two subspecies are recognised: However, an analysis of protein allozymes published in 1984 revealed the two Western Australian forms to be more closely related to each other than to the yellow-tailed, and the consensus since then has been to treat them as three separate species. He proposed that Western Australia had been colonised on two separate occasions, once by a common ancestor of all three forms (which became the long-billed black cockatoo), and later by what has become the short-billed black cockatoo. In a 1979 paper, Australian ornithologist Denis Saunders highlighted the similarity between the short-billed and the southern race xanthanota of the yellow-tailed and treated them as a single species, with the long-billed as a distinct species. The three species of the genus Zanda have been variously considered as two, then as a single species for many years. The two groups are distinguished by their juvenile food begging calls and the degree of sexual dimorphism: males and females of the latter group have markedly different plumage, whereas those of the former have similar plumage. The red-tailed and glossy black cockatoos form the other genus, Calyptorhynchus. Within the genus, the yellow-tailed and the two Western Australian white-tailed species, the short-billed and long-billed black cockatoos, form the genus Zanda. Scientist and cockatoo authority Matt Cameron has proposed dropping the "black" and shortening the name to "yellow-tailed cockatoo", explaining that shorter names are more widely accepted. Wy-la was an aboriginal term from the Hunter Region of New South Wales, while the Dharawal name from the Illawarra region is Ngaoaraa. Other common names used include yellow-eared black cockatoo, and wylah. "Yellow-tailed black cockatoo" has been designated the official name by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC). The ornithologist John Gould knew the bird as the funereal cockatoo.
Like most parrots, it is protected by CITES, an international agreement that makes trade, export, and import of listed wild-caught species illegal. The species is not commonly seen in aviculture, especially outside Australia. In some places yellow-tailed black cockatoos appear to have partially adapted to recent human alteration of landscape and they can often be seen in parts of urban Canberra, Sydney, Adelaide and Melbourne. Although they remain common throughout much of their range, fragmentation of habitat and loss of large trees suitable for nesting has caused population decline in Victoria and South Australia. They nest in hollows high in trees with fairly large diameters, generally Eucalyptus. Unlike other cockatoos, a large proportion of the yellow-tailed black cockatoo's diet is made up of wood-boring grubs they also eat seeds. Birds of subspecies funereus (Queensland to eastern Victoria) have longer wings and tails and darker plumage overall, while those of xanthanotus (western Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania) have more prominent scalloping. Two subspecies are recognised, although Tasmanian and southern mainland populations of the southern subspecies xanthanotus may be distinct enough from each other to bring the total to three. The yellow-tailed black cockatoo is found in forested regions from south and central eastern Queensland to southeastern South Australia including a very small population persisting in the Eyre Peninsula. Their loud, wailing calls carry for long distances.
In flight, yellow-tailed black cockatoos flap deeply and slowly, with a peculiar heavy fluid motion. The adult male has a black beak and pinkish-red eye-rings, and the female has a bone-coloured beak and grey eye-rings. The body feathers are edged with yellow giving a scalloped appearance. Its plumage is mostly brownish black and it has prominent yellow cheek patches and a yellow tail band. It has a short crest on the top of its head. The yellow-tailed black cockatoo ( Zanda funerea) is a large cockatoo native to the south-east of Australia measuring 55–65 cm (22–26 in) in length.
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